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import math
import pandas as pd
import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l
#@save
class PositionWiseFFN(nn.Module):
"""基于位置的前馈网络"""
def __init__(self, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, ffn_num_outputs,
**kwargs):
super(PositionWiseFFN, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.dense1 = nn.Linear(ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens)
self.relu = nn.ReLU()
self.dense2 = nn.Linear(ffn_num_hiddens, ffn_num_outputs)
#X:(batch_size, num_step, num_hidden)
def forward(self, X):
return self.dense2(self.relu(self.dense1(X)))
ffn = PositionWiseFFN(4, 4, 8)
ffn.eval()
ffn(torch.ones((2, 3, 4))).shape
torch.Size([2, 3, 8])
ln = nn.LayerNorm(2)
bn = nn.BatchNorm1d(2)
X = torch.tensor([[1, 2], [2, 3]], dtype=torch.float32)
# 在训练模式下计算X的均值和方差
print('layer norm:', ln(X), '\nbatch norm:', bn(X))
layer norm: tensor([[-1.0000, 1.0000], [-1.0000, 1.0000]], grad_fn=<NativeLayerNormBackward0>) batch norm: tensor([[-1.0000, -1.0000], [ 1.0000, 1.0000]], grad_fn=<NativeBatchNormBackward0>)
#@save
class AddNorm(nn.Module):
"""残差连接后进行层规范化"""
def __init__(self, normalized_shape, dropout, **kwargs):
super(AddNorm, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(normalized_shape)
def forward(self, X, Y):
return self.ln(self.dropout(Y) + X)
add_norm = AddNorm([3, 4], 0.5)
add_norm.eval()
add_norm(torch.ones((2, 3, 4)), torch.ones((2, 3, 4)))
tensor([[[0., 0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0., 0.]], [[0., 0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0., 0.]]], grad_fn=<NativeLayerNormBackward0>)
#@save
class EncoderBlock(nn.Module):
"""transformer编码器块"""
def __init__(self, key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
dropout, use_bias=False, **kwargs):
super(EncoderBlock, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.attention = d2l.MultiHeadAttention(
key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout,
use_bias)
self.addnorm1 = AddNorm(norm_shape, dropout)
self.ffn = PositionWiseFFN(ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_hiddens)
self.addnorm2 = AddNorm(norm_shape, dropout)
def forward(self, X, valid_lens):
Y = self.addnorm1(X, self.attention(X, X, X, valid_lens))
return self.addnorm2(Y, self.ffn(Y))
X = torch.ones((2, 100, 24))
valid_lens = torch.tensor([3, 2])
encoder_blk = EncoderBlock(24, 24, 24, 24, [100, 24], 24, 48, 8, 0.5)
encoder_blk.eval()
encoder_blk(X, valid_lens).shape
torch.Size([2, 100, 24])
#@save
class TransformerEncoder(d2l.Encoder):
"""transformer编码器"""
def __init__(self, vocab_size, key_size, query_size, value_size,
num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
num_heads, num_layers, dropout, use_bias=False, **kwargs):
super(TransformerEncoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.num_hiddens = num_hiddens
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, num_hiddens)
self.pos_encoding = d2l.PositionalEncoding(num_hiddens, dropout)
self.blks = nn.Sequential()
for i in range(num_layers):
self.blks.add_module("block"+str(i),
EncoderBlock(key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
num_heads, dropout, use_bias))
def forward(self, X, valid_lens, *args):
# 因为位置编码值在-1和1之间,
# 因此嵌入值乘以嵌入维度的平方根进行缩放,
# 然后再与位置编码相加。
X = self.pos_encoding(self.embedding(X) * math.sqrt(self.num_hiddens))
self.attention_weights = [None] * len(self.blks)
for i, blk in enumerate(self.blks):
X = blk(X, valid_lens)
self.attention_weights[i] = blk.attention.attention.attention_weights
return X
encoder = TransformerEncoder(
200, 24, 24, 24, 24, [100, 24], 24, 48, 8, 2, 0.5)
encoder.eval()
encoder(torch.ones((2, 100), dtype=torch.long), valid_lens).shape
torch.Size([2, 100, 24])
class DecoderBlock(nn.Module):
"""解码器中第i个块"""
def __init__(self, key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
dropout, i, **kwargs):
super(DecoderBlock, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.i = i
self.attention1 = d2l.MultiHeadAttention(
key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout)
self.addnorm1 = AddNorm(norm_shape, dropout)
self.attention2 = d2l.MultiHeadAttention(
key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout)
self.addnorm2 = AddNorm(norm_shape, dropout)
self.ffn = PositionWiseFFN(ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
num_hiddens)
self.addnorm3 = AddNorm(norm_shape, dropout)
def forward(self, X, state):
enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens = state[0], state[1]
# 训练阶段,输出序列的所有词元都在同一时间处理,
# 因此state[2][self.i]初始化为None。
# 预测阶段,输出序列是通过词元一个接着一个解码的,
# 因此state[2][self.i]包含着直到当前时间步第i个块解码的输出表示
if state[2][self.i] is None:
key_values = X
else:
key_values = torch.cat((state[2][self.i], X), axis=1)
state[2][self.i] = key_values
if self.training:
batch_size, num_steps, _ = X.shape
# dec_valid_lens的开头:(batch_size,num_steps),
# 其中每一行是[1,2,...,num_steps]
dec_valid_lens = torch.arange(
1, num_steps + 1, device=X.device).repeat(batch_size, 1)
else:
dec_valid_lens = None
# 自注意力
X2 = self.attention1(X, key_values, key_values, dec_valid_lens)
Y = self.addnorm1(X, X2)
# 编码器-解码器注意力。
# enc_outputs的开头:(batch_size,num_steps,num_hiddens)
Y2 = self.attention2(Y, enc_outputs, enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens)
Z = self.addnorm2(Y, Y2)
return self.addnorm3(Z, self.ffn(Z)), state
decoder_blk = DecoderBlock(24, 24, 24, 24, [100, 24], 24, 48, 8, 0.5, 0)
decoder_blk.eval()
X = torch.ones((2, 100, 24))
state = [encoder_blk(X, valid_lens), valid_lens, [None]]
decoder_blk(X, state)[0].shape
torch.Size([2, 100, 24])
class TransformerDecoder(d2l.AttentionDecoder):
def __init__(self, vocab_size, key_size, query_size, value_size,
num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
num_heads, num_layers, dropout, **kwargs):
super(TransformerDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.num_hiddens = num_hiddens
self.num_layers = num_layers
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, num_hiddens)
self.pos_encoding = d2l.PositionalEncoding(num_hiddens, dropout)
self.blks = nn.Sequential()
for i in range(num_layers):
self.blks.add_module("block"+str(i),
DecoderBlock(key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
num_heads, dropout, i))
self.dense = nn.Linear(num_hiddens, vocab_size)
def init_state(self, enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens, *args):
return [enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens, [None] * self.num_layers]
def forward(self, X, state):
X = self.pos_encoding(self.embedding(X) * math.sqrt(self.num_hiddens))
self._attention_weights = [[None] * len(self.blks) for _ in range (2)]
for i, blk in enumerate(self.blks):
X, state = blk(X, state)
# 解码器自注意力权重
self._attention_weights[0][
i] = blk.attention1.attention.attention_weights
# “编码器-解码器”自注意力权重
self._attention_weights[1][
i] = blk.attention2.attention.attention_weights
return self.dense(X), state
@property
def attention_weights(self):
return self._attention_weights
num_hiddens, num_layers, dropout, batch_size, num_steps = 32, 2, 0.1, 64, 10
lr, num_epochs, device = 0.005, 200, d2l.try_gpu()
ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads = 32, 64, 4
key_size, query_size, value_size = 32, 32, 32
norm_shape = [32]
train_iter, src_vocab, tgt_vocab = d2l.load_data_nmt(batch_size, num_steps)
encoder = TransformerEncoder(
len(src_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
num_layers, dropout)
decoder = TransformerDecoder(
len(tgt_vocab), key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
num_layers, dropout)
net = d2l.EncoderDecoder(encoder, decoder)
d2l.train_seq2seq(net, train_iter, lr, num_epochs, tgt_vocab, device)
loss 0.032, 5238.0 tokens/sec on cpu
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