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JamesYeung
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C#利用反射机制动态创建泛型接口实例 |
ElderJames' Blog
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C#利用反射机制动态创建泛型接口实例
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<script src="\assets\js\APlayer.min.js"> </script><p>我很懒，不希望写重复的copy代码，所以希望在写代码时能尽量简化和重用，一些设计上有但没必要的能不写就不写，但当然必须要实现。</p>
<p>最近学会用C#的反射机制，觉得非常好，可以通过类名实例化一个对应的对象。于是我就想到了在设计业务层时，一些通用的数据库操作是以泛型基类的形式供给各个模型使用的，只需替换传入的模型的类型参数，即刻操作相应的模型，而对于一些模型需要的特殊操作，则以这个基类派生出包含特殊方法的子类来实现。</p>
<p>但是这里会出现一些问题，就是在各层透明的情况下，其他层是不知道模型是否包含有特殊的方法，最初的解决方法是为每个模型都写一个继承业务基类的子类，就算它里面是空的（没有特殊方法）。而现在，通过反射，我们可以很好地实现统一的业务实例化操作，实现自动判断该模型是否拥有对应的业务子类。</p>
<p>先设计一个泛型接口<code>IService<T></code>,声明两个方法：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="token keyword">namespace</span> Service
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Interface <span class="token class-name">IService</span><span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">where</span> T <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
IRepository<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> _repo <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">SetRespository</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IRepository<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> repo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
T <span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T entity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token function">Update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T entity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>然后再写一个基础类，继承这个接口：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp"><span class="token keyword">namespace</span> Service
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BaseService</span><span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> IService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">where</span> T <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
IRepository<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> _repo <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">SetRespository</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IRepository<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> repo<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
_repo<span class="token operator">=</span>repo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> T <span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T entity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token function">Update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T entity<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>设计业务工厂类，提供统一的实例化出口</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-csharp"><code class="language-csharp"> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <summary></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// 业务工厂类</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <para>所有业务类都必须从这里产生</para></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// </summary></span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ServiceFactory</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//获取当前程序集中的所有类的类型</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> Type<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ts <span class="token operator">=</span> Assembly<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetExecutingAssembly</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetTypes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <summary></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// 动态映射创建实现了IService<T>接口的实例</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <para>如果字符集中已有继承了BaseService<T>的类，则返回该类的实例,</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// 否则返回BaseService<T> 的实例</para></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// </summary></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <typeparam name="T">数据模型</typeparam></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <param name="repo">仓储实例</param></span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/// <returns>实现IService<T>接口的实例对象</returns></span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> IService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token generic-method function">GetService<span class="token punctuation"><</span>T<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IRepository repo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">where</span> T <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//获取传入类型的 System.Type 对象</span>
Type TType <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">typeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//取当前线程内存块中可能已存储的Service对象</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> _service <span class="token operator">=</span> CallContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>$<span class="token string">"BaseService<{TType.Name}>"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> IService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>_service <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> _service<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//查询扩展业务类是否存在于程序集中</span>
Type _class <span class="token operator">=</span> ts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FirstOrDefault</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> o<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Equals</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>TType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"Service"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>_class <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
_service <span class="token operator">=</span> Activator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreateInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_class<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> IService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">else</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
_service <span class="token operator">=</span> Activator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreateInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">typeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>BaseService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> IService<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> ex<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>$<span class="token string">"无法实例化{typeof(BaseService<T>).Name}:{ex.Message}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//获取泛型类定义的type类型</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> _repoType <span class="token operator">=</span> repo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetGenericTypeDefinition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//传入泛型类型参数</span>
_repoType <span class="token operator">=</span> _repoType<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">MakeGenericType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">typeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>T<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//实例化仓储类</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> _repo <span class="token operator">=</span> Activator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreateInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_repoType<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> IRepository<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//注入DbContext</span>
_repo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SetDbContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>repo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>db<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//注入仓储类</span>
_service<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SetRespository</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_repo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//将对象保存到当前线程的内存块中</span>
CallContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SetData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>$<span class="token string">"BaseService<{TType.Name}>"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _service<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> _service<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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I'm glad you use this theme, the development is no so easy, I hope you can keep the copyright, I will thank you so much.
If you still want to delete the copyrights, could you still retain the first one? Which namely "Theme Material"
It will not impact the appearance and can give developers a lot of support :)
很高兴您使用并喜欢该主题，开发不易 十分谢谢与希望您可以保留一下版权声明。
如果您仍然想删除的话 能否只保留第一项呢？即 "Theme Material"
它不会影响美观并可以给开发者很大的支持和动力。 :)
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I am glad you use this theme, the development is no so easy, I hope you can keep the copyright.
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bottom: 60px;
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}else
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