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README
AGPL-3.0

spring-cloud

介绍

用于 spring cloud 学习
spring cloud Hoxton.SR12
spring boot 2.2.4.RELEASE

软件架构

软件架构说明
spring-cloud
    |_spring-cloud-base(基础开发组件模块)
    |    |_spring-cloud-common(基础通用开发组件)
    |_spring-cloud-modules(业务应用启动模块)
    |    |_spring-cloud-demo(业务应用demo)
    |_spring-cloud-plugin(业务插件模块)
    |_spring-cloud-service(依赖服务模块)
    |    |_spring-cloud-config(分布式配置中心)
    |    |    |_config-client(配置中心客户端)
    |    |    |_config-server(配置中心服务端)
    |    |_spring-cloud-eureka(eureka注册中心-服务发现-目前使用的注册中心)
    |    |    |_eureka-client(eureka客户端-测试服务是否正常)
    |    |    |_eureka-server(eureka服务端-http://localhost:8080/)
    |    |_spring-cloud-feign(feign接口)
    |    |_spring-cloud-hystrix(断路器-http://localhost:8086/hystrix)
    |    |_spring-cloud-ribbon(客户端负载均衡)
    |        |_ribbon-consumer(消费者)
    |        |_ribbon-provider(生产者-测试ribbon-feign-hystrix需启动)
    |        |_ribbon-provider-servant(生产者-测试ribbon-feign-hystrix需启动,酌情启动)
    |_readme

说明

1.      Spring Cloud 是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用 Spring Boot 的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、
    消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用 Spring Boot 的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud 并没有重复制造轮子,它只是
    将各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来,通过 Spring Boot 风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者
    留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
2. 【Netflix Eureka(服务发现)】
        Eureka 是 Netflix 开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于 REST 的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务
    故障转移的目的。
    Eureka 包含两个组件:Eureka Server 和 Eureka Client。
        Eureka Server 提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在 Eureka Server 中进行注册,这样 EurekaServer 中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可
    用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
        Eureka Client 是一个java客户端,用于简化与 Eureka Server 的交互,客户端同时也就是一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin) 负载算法的
    负载均衡器。
3. 【Netflix Ribbon(客户端负载均衡)】
        Ribbon是一个客户端负载平衡器,可以很好地控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为。
        Spring Cloud有两种客户端负载均衡的服务调用方式,一种是Ribbon+RestTemplate,另一种是Feign(通常在实际应用中,选择Fegin)。
        通过 Spring Cloud Ribbon 的封装,我们在微服务架构中使用客户端负载均衡调用非常简单,只需要如下两步:
        (1.服务提供者只需要启动多个服务实例并注册到一个注册中心或是多个相关联的服务注册中心。
        (2.服务消费者直接通过调用被 @LoadBalanced 注解修饰过的 RestTemplate 来实现面向服务的接口调用。
4. 【Netflix Hystrix(断路器)】     
        Hystrix 由 Netflix 开源,实现断路器。在微服务架构中,通常有多层服务调用。较低级别的服务的服务故障可能导致用户级联故障。当对特定
    服务的呼叫达到一定阈值时(Hystrix 中默认为5秒20次),断路器会被打开,向调用方返回一个错误响应,而不是长时间的等待。这样就不会使得线程
    因调用故障服务被长时间占用不释放,避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延。
    Hystrix 的主要优点之一是它收集关于每个 HystrixCommand 的一套指标。Hystrix 提供仪表盘以有效的方式显示每个断路器的运行状况。
5. 【Netflix Zuul(服务网关)】
        Zuul 是 netflix 开源的一个 API Gateway 服务器, 本质上是一个 web servlet 应用。
        Zuul 的核心是一系列的 filters, 其作用可以类比 Servlet 框架的 Filter,或者AOP。
        Zuul 可以通过加载动态过滤机制,从而实现以下各项功能:
        验证与安全保障:
        识别面向各类资源的验证要求并拒绝那些与要求不符的请求。
        审查与监控:
        在边缘位置追踪有意义数据及统计结果,从而为我们带来准确的生产状态结论。
        动态路由:
        以动态方式根据需要将请求路由至不同后端集群处。
        压力测试:
        逐渐增加指向集群的负载流量,从而计算性能水平。
        负载分配:
        为每一种负载类型分配对应容量,并弃用超出限定值的请求。
        静态响应处理:
        在边缘位置直接建立部分响应,从而避免其流入内部集群。
        多区域弹性:
        跨越AWS区域进行请求路由,旨在实现ELB使用多样化并保证边缘位置与使用者尽可能接近。
6. 【Spring Cloud Config(分布式配置)】     
        Spring Cloud Config 为分布式系统中的外部化配置提供服务器和客户端支持。它包含 Server 
    和 Client 两个部分,Server 提供配置文件的
    存储、以接口的形式将配置文件的内容提供出去,Client 通过接口获取数据、并依据此数据初始化自己的应用。
        通过 Config 组件我们可以快速创建一个配置中心。配置中心读取配置文件通常有两种:一是从 git 仓库读取,一是从本地物理路径读取。
7. 【Feign】     
        Feign 是一个声明式 Web 服务客户端。它使编写 Web 服务客户端变得更加容易。只需要创建一个接口并添加注解就可以进行微服务的调用。
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary means of facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the following paragraph. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version 3 of the GNU General Public License. 14. Revised Versions of this License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version. 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 16. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the specific requirements. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

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