using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

/// <summary>
/// 字节缓冲处理类，本类仅支持大字节序
/// 本类非线程安全
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class ByteBuffer : ICloneable
{
    //字节缓存区
    private byte[] buf;
    //读取索引
    private int readIndex = 0;
    //写入索引
    private int writeIndex = 0;
    //读取索引标记
    private int markReadIndex = 0;
    //写入索引标记
    private int markWirteIndex = 0;
    //缓存区字节数组的长度
    private int capacity;

    //对象池
    private static List<ByteBuffer> pool = new List<ByteBuffer>();
    private static int poolMaxCount = 200;

    //此对象是否池化
    private bool isPool = false;

    /// <summary>
    /// 构造方法
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="capacity">初始容量</param>
    private ByteBuffer(int capacity)
    {
        this.buf = new byte[capacity];
        this.capacity = capacity;
        this.readIndex = 0;
        this.writeIndex = 0;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 构造方法
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">初始字节数组</param>
    private ByteBuffer(byte[] bytes)
    {
        this.buf = new byte[bytes.Length];
        Array.Copy(bytes, 0, buf, 0, buf.Length);
        this.capacity = buf.Length;
        this.readIndex = 0;
        this.writeIndex = bytes.Length + 1;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 构建一个capacity长度的字节缓存区ByteBuffer对象
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="capacity">初始容量</param>
    /// <param name="fromPool">
    /// true表示获取一个池化的ByteBuffer对象，池化的对象必须在调用Dispose后才会推入池中，此方法为线程安全的。
    /// 当为true时，从池中获取的对象的实际capacity值。
    /// </param>
    /// <returns>ByteBuffer对象</returns>
    public static ByteBuffer Allocate(int capacity, bool fromPool = false)
    {
        if(!fromPool)
        {
            return new ByteBuffer(capacity);
        }
        lock (pool)
        {
            ByteBuffer bbuf;
            if (pool.Count == 0)
            {
                bbuf = new ByteBuffer(capacity)
                {
                    isPool = true
                };
                return bbuf;
            }
            int lastIndex = pool.Count - 1;
            bbuf = pool[lastIndex];
            pool.RemoveAt(lastIndex);
            if (!bbuf.isPool)
            {
                bbuf.isPool = true;
            }
            return bbuf;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 构建一个以bytes为字节缓存区的ByteBuffer对象，一般不推荐使用
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">初始字节数组</param>
    /// <param name="fromPool">
    /// true表示获取一个池化的ByteBuffer对象，池化的对象必须在调用Dispose后才会推入池中，此方法为线程安全的。
    /// </param>
    /// <returns>ByteBuffer对象</returns>
    public static ByteBuffer Allocate(byte[] bytes, bool fromPool = false)
    {
        if (!fromPool)
        {
            return new ByteBuffer(bytes);
        }
        lock (pool)
        {
            ByteBuffer bbuf;
            if (pool.Count == 0)
            {
                bbuf = new ByteBuffer(bytes)
                {
                    isPool = true
                };
                return bbuf;
            }
            int lastIndex = pool.Count - 1;
            bbuf = pool[lastIndex];
            bbuf.WriteBytes(bytes);
            pool.RemoveAt(lastIndex);
            if (!bbuf.isPool)
            {
                bbuf.isPool = true;
            }
            return bbuf;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 根据value，确定大于此length的最近的2次方数，如length=7，则返回值为8；length=12，则返回16
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">参考容量</param>
    /// <returns>比参考容量大的最接近的2次方数</returns>
    private int FixLength(int value)
    {
        if (value == 0)
        {
            return 1;
        }
        value--;
        value |= value >> 1;
        value |= value >> 2;
        value |= value >> 4;
        value |= value >> 8;
        value |= value >> 16;
        return value + 1;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 翻转字节数组，如果本地字节序列为低字节序列，则进行翻转以转换为高字节序列
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">待转为高字节序的字节数组</param>
    /// <returns>高字节序列的字节数组</returns>
    private byte[] Flip(byte[] bytes)
    {
        if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
        {
            Array.Reverse(bytes);
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 确定内部字节缓存数组的大小
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="currLen">当前容量</param>
    /// <param name="futureLen">将来的容量</param>
    /// <returns>当前缓冲区的最大容量</returns>
    private int FixSizeAndReset(int currLen, int futureLen)
    {
        if (futureLen > currLen)
        {
            //以原大小的2次方数的两倍确定内部字节缓存区大小
            int size = FixLength(currLen) * 2;
            if (futureLen > size)
            {
                //以将来的大小的2次方的两倍确定内部字节缓存区大小
                size = FixLength(futureLen) * 2;
            }
            byte[] newbuf = new byte[size];
            Array.Copy(buf, 0, newbuf, 0, currLen);
            buf = newbuf;
            capacity = size;
        }
        return futureLen;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将bytes字节数组从startIndex开始的length字节写入到此缓存区
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">待写入的字节数据</param>
    /// <param name="startIndex">写入的开始位置</param>
    /// <param name="length">写入的长度</param>
    public void WriteBytes(byte[] bytes, int startIndex, int length)
    {
        int offset = length - startIndex;
        if (offset <= 0) return;
        int total = offset + writeIndex;
        int len = buf.Length;
        FixSizeAndReset(len, total);
        for (int i = writeIndex, j = startIndex; i < total; i++, j++)
        {
            buf[i] = bytes[j];
        }
        writeIndex = total;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将字节数组中从0到length的元素写入缓存区
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">待写入的字节数据</param>
    /// <param name="length">写入的长度</param>
    public void WriteBytes(byte[] bytes, int length)
    {
        WriteBytes(bytes, 0, length);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将字节数组全部写入缓存区
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bytes">待写入的字节数据</param>
    public void WriteBytes(byte[] bytes)
    {
        WriteBytes(bytes, bytes.Length);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将一个ByteBuffer的有效字节区写入此缓存区中
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="buffer">待写入的字节缓存区</param>
    public void Write(ByteBuffer buffer)
    {
        if (buffer == null) return;
        if (buffer.ReadableBytes <= 0) return;
        WriteBytes(buffer.ToArray());
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个int16数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">short数据</param>
    public void WriteShort(short value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个uint16数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">ushort数据</param>
    public void WriteUshort(ushort value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个int32数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">int数据</param>
    public void WriteInt(int value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个uint32数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">uint数据</param>
    public void WriteUint(uint value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个int64数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">long数据</param>
    public void WriteLong(long value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个uint64数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">ulong数据</param>
    public void WriteUlong(ulong value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个float数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">float数据</param>
    public void WriteFloat(float value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个byte数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">byte数据</param>
    public void WriteByte(byte value)
    {
        int afterLen = writeIndex + 1;
        int len = buf.Length;
        FixSizeAndReset(len, afterLen);
        buf[writeIndex] = value;
        writeIndex = afterLen;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个byte数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">byte数据</param>
    public void WriteByte(int value)
    {
        byte b = (byte)value;
        WriteByte(b);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个double类型数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value">double数据</param>
    public void WriteDouble(double value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个字符
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value"></param>
    public void WriteChar(char value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 写入一个布尔型数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="value"></param>
    public void WriteBoolean(bool value)
    {
        WriteBytes(Flip(BitConverter.GetBytes(value)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个字节
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>字节数据</returns>
    public byte ReadByte()
    {
        byte b = buf[readIndex];
        readIndex++;
        return b;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取从index索引处开始len长度的字节
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index"></param>
    /// <param name="len"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private byte[] Get(int index, int len)
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
        Array.Copy(buf, index, bytes, 0, len);
        return Flip(bytes);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 从读取索引位置开始读取len长度的字节数组
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="len">待读取的字节长度</param>
    /// <returns>字节数组</returns>
    private byte[] Read(int len)
    {
        byte[] bytes = Get(readIndex, len);
        readIndex += len;
        return bytes;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个uint16数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>ushort数据</returns>
    public ushort ReadUshort()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt16(Read(2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个int16数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>short数据</returns>
    public short ReadShort()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt16(Read(2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个uint32数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>uint数据</returns>
    public uint ReadUint()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt32(Read(4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个int32数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>int数据</returns>
    public int ReadInt()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt32(Read(4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个uint64数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>ulong数据</returns>
    public ulong ReadUlong()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt64(Read(8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个long数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>long数据</returns>
    public long ReadLong()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt64(Read(8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个float数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>float数据</returns>
    public float ReadFloat()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToSingle(Read(4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个double数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>double数据</returns>
    public double ReadDouble()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToDouble(Read(8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取一个字符
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public char ReadChar()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToChar(Read(2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 读取布尔型数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool ReadBoolean()
    {
        return BitConverter.ToBoolean(Read(1), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 从读取索引位置开始读取len长度的字节到disbytes目标字节数组中
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="disbytes">读取的字节将存入此字节数组</param>
    /// <param name="disstart">目标字节数组的写入索引</param>
    /// <param name="len">读取的长度</param>
    public void ReadBytes(byte[] disbytes, int disstart, int len)
    {
        int size = disstart + len;
        for (int i = disstart; i < size; i++)
        {
            disbytes[i] = this.ReadByte();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个字节
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public byte GetByte(int index)
    {
        return buf[index];
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个字节
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public byte GetByte()
    {
        return GetByte(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个双精度浮点数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public double GetDouble(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToDouble(Get(index, 8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个双精度浮点数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public double GetDouble()
    {
        return GetDouble(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个浮点数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public float GetFloat(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToSingle(Get(index, 4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个浮点数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public float GetFloat()
    {
        return GetFloat(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个长整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public long GetLong(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt64(Get(index, 8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个长整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public long GetLong()
    {
        return GetLong(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个长整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public ulong GetUlong(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt64(Get(index, 8), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个长整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public ulong GetUlong()
    {
        return GetUlong(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetInt(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt32(Get(index, 4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetInt()
    {
        return GetInt(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public uint GetUint(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt32(Get(index, 4), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public uint GetUint()
    {
        return GetUint(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个短整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetShort(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToInt16(Get(index, 2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个短整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetShort()
    {
        return GetShort(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个短整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetUshort(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToUInt16(Get(index, 2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个短整形数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public int GetUshort()
    {
        return GetUshort(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个char数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public char GetChar(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToChar(Get(index, 2), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个char数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public char GetChar()
    {
        return GetChar(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个布尔数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index">字节索引</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool GetBoolean(int index)
    {
        return BitConverter.ToBoolean(Get(index, 1), 0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取一个布尔数据，不改变数据内容
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool GetBoolean()
    {
        return GetBoolean(readIndex);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 清除已读字节并重建缓存区
    /// </summary>
    public void DiscardReadBytes()
    {
        if (readIndex <= 0) return;
        int len = buf.Length - readIndex;
        byte[] newbuf = new byte[len];
        Array.Copy(buf, readIndex, newbuf, 0, len);
        buf = newbuf;
        writeIndex -= readIndex;
        markReadIndex -= readIndex;
        if (markReadIndex < 0)
        {
            //markReadIndex = readIndex;
            markReadIndex = 0;
        }
        markWirteIndex -= readIndex;
        if (markWirteIndex < 0 || markWirteIndex < readIndex || markWirteIndex < markReadIndex)
        {
            markWirteIndex = writeIndex;
        }
        readIndex = 0;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置/获取读指针位置
    /// </summary>
    public int ReaderIndex
    {
        get
        {
            return readIndex;
        }
        set
        {
            if (value < 0) return;
            readIndex = value;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置/获取写指针位置
    /// </summary>
    public int WriterIndex
    {
        get
        {
            return writeIndex;
        }
        set
        {
            if (value < 0) return;
            writeIndex = value;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标记读取的索引位置
    /// </summary>
    public void MarkReaderIndex()
    {
        markReadIndex = readIndex;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 标记写入的索引位置
    /// </summary>
    public void MarkWriterIndex()
    {
        markWirteIndex = writeIndex;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将读取的索引位置重置为标记的读取索引位置
    /// </summary>
    public void ResetReaderIndex()
    {
        readIndex = markReadIndex;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将写入的索引位置重置为标记的写入索引位置
    /// </summary>
    public void ResetWriterIndex()
    {
        writeIndex = markWirteIndex;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 可读的有效字节数
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>可读的字节数</returns>
    public int ReadableBytes
    {
        get
        {
            return writeIndex - readIndex;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取缓存区容量大小
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>缓存区容量</returns>
    public int Capacity
    {
        get
        {
            return this.capacity;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取可读的字节数组
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>字节数据</returns>
    public byte[] ToArray()
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[writeIndex];
        Array.Copy(buf, 0, bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        return bytes;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 复制一个对象，具有与原对象相同的数据，不改变原对象的数据，不包括已读数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public ByteBuffer Copy()
    {
        if (buf == null)
        {
            return new ByteBuffer(16);
        }
        if (readIndex < writeIndex)
        {
            byte[] newbytes = new byte[writeIndex - readIndex];
            Array.Copy(buf, readIndex, newbytes, 0, newbytes.Length);
            ByteBuffer buffer = new ByteBuffer(newbytes.Length);
            buffer.WriteBytes(newbytes);
            buffer.isPool = this.isPool;
            return buffer;
        }
        return new ByteBuffer(16);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 深度复制，具有与原对象相同的数据，不改变原对象的数据，包括已读数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public ByteBuffer Clone()
    {
        if (buf == null)
        {
            return new ByteBuffer(16);
        }
        ByteBuffer newBuf = new ByteBuffer(buf)
        {
            capacity = this.capacity,
            readIndex = this.readIndex,
            writeIndex = this.writeIndex,
            markReadIndex = this.markReadIndex,
            markWirteIndex = this.markWirteIndex,
            isPool = this.isPool
        };
        return newBuf;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 遍历所有的字节数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    public void ForEach(Action<byte> action)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < this.ReadableBytes; i++)
        {
            action.Invoke(this.buf[i]);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 清空此对象，但保留字节缓存数组（空数组）
    /// </summary>
    public void Clear()
    {
        //buf = new byte[buf.Length];
        for(int i = 0; i < buf.Length; i++)
        {
            buf[i] = 0;
        }
        readIndex = 0;
        writeIndex = 0;
        markReadIndex = 0;
        markWirteIndex = 0;
        capacity = buf.Length;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 释放对象，清除字节缓存数组，如果此对象为可池化，那么调用此方法将会把此对象推入到池中等待下次调用
    /// </summary>
    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (isPool)
        {
            lock (pool)
            {
                if (pool.Count < poolMaxCount)
                {
                    this.Clear();
                    pool.Add(this);
                } else
                {
                    readIndex = 0;
                    writeIndex = 0;
                    markReadIndex = 0;
                    markWirteIndex = 0;
                    capacity = 0;
                    buf = null;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            readIndex = 0;
            writeIndex = 0;
            markReadIndex = 0;
            markWirteIndex = 0;
            capacity = 0;
            buf = null;
        }
    }
}